Networks



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Although you may have never heard these terms for networks before, there is a network that you probably use everyday. the most common and widely known network is the Internet. The internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that serve billions of users worldwide. It consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless and optical networking technologies, making it a network of networks. Many people use the World Wide Web to access news, weather and sports reports, to plan and book vacations and to find out more about their interests. People use chat, messaging and email to make and stay in touch with friends worldwide, sometimes in the same way as some previously had pen pals. The Internet has seen a growing number of Web desktops, where users can access their files and settings via the Internet. Social networking websites such as Facebook, Twitter, and MySpace have created new ways to socialize and interact. Users of these sites are able to add a wide variety of information to pages, to pursue common interests, and to connect with others. It is also possible to find existing acquaintances, to allow communication among existing groups of people. Sites like LinkedIn foster commercial and business connections. YouTube and Flickr specialize in users' videos and photographs.

The Internet has been a major outlet for leisure activity since its inception, with entertaining social experiments such as MUDs and MOOs being conducted on university servers, and humor-related Usenet groups receiving much traffic. Today, many Internet forums have sections devoted to games and funny videos; short cartoons in the form of Flash movies are also popular. Over 6 million people use blogs or message boards as a means of communication and for the sharing of ideas. The pornography and gambling industries have taken advantage of the World Wide Web, and often provide a significant source of advertising revenue for other websites. Although many governments have attempted to restrict both industries' use of the Internet, in general this has failed to stop their widespread popularity. Another area of leisure activity on the Internet is multiplayer gaming.This form of recreation creates communities, where people of all ages and origins enjoy the fast-paced world of multiplayer games. These range from MMORPG to first-person shooters, from role-playing video games to online gambling. While online gaming has been around since the 1970s, modern modes of online gaming began with subscription services such as GameSpy and MPlayer. Non-subscribers were limited to certain types of game play or certain games. Many people use the Internet to access and download music, movies and other works for their enjoyment and relaxation. Free and fee-based services exist for all of these activities, using centralized servers and distributed peer-to-peer technologies. Some of these sources exercise more care with respect to the original artists' copyrights than others. Internet usage has been correlated to users' loneliness. Lonely people tend to use the Internet as an outlet for their feelings and to share their stories with others, such as in the "I am lonely will anyone speak to me" thread. Cybersectarianism is a new organizational form which involves: "highly dispersed small groups of practitioners that may remain largely anonymous within the larger social context and operate in relative secrecy, while still linked remotely to a larger network of believers who share a set of practices and texts, and often a common devotion to a particular leader. Overseas supporters provide funding and support; domestic practitioners distribute tracts, participate in acts of resistance, and share information on the internal situation with outsiders. Collectively, members and practitioners of such sects construct viable virtual communities of faith, exchanging personal testimonies and engaging in collective study via email, on-line chat rooms and web-based message boards." Cyberslacking can become a drain on corporate resources; the average UK employee spent 57 minutes a day surfing the Web while at work, according to a 2003 study by Peninsula Business Services. Internet addiction disorder is excessive computer use that interferes with daily life. Psychologist Nicolas Carr believe that Internet use has other effects on individuals, for instance improving skills of scan-reading and interfering with the deep thinking that leads to true creativity.

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‍1. Reduced Costs
It wasn't long ago that each machine required it's own additional peripherals (printers, modems, etc.). With a network environment you can afford to purchase a higher quality single unit and share it among the other computers in the network. Another benefit of networking comes from proxy servers, which allow networks to provide low-cost Internet access to all computers through a single entry point.

‍2. Data Integrity
Important data can easily become corrupt when transferred between groups of individuals. Consider the scenario called "Sneaker Net" where data is transferred via floppy disks. With multiple copies on different disks it is impossible to determine the integrity of such data. Network environments allow for you to implement centralized data management, which places data on a server that is capable of granting multiple access to it. The server then takes on the responsibility of ensuring data integrity. Centralized management also plays a key role in ensuring that critical data gets backed-up.

‍3. Security
Network operating systems allow for strict control over the level of access granted. Permissions on systems range from large groups to specific individuals. Network operating systems also provide monitoring software which can notify administrators when unsuccessful attempts are made and can even be set to "lock-out" questionable accounts. Firewalls can also provide added security to networks which have machines that are accessible over the Internet. Combined with virus protection software, firewalls offer the best defense against unauthorized intrusion and computer virus attacks from the Internet.

‍4. Backup
Even with centralized management in place and the best security restrictions, mistakes will happen and systems fail. With a regimented schedule for back-up, your data can be stored and retrieved later in the event that a catastrophe occurs. With the addition of off-site storage your critical data will be protected in the event of fire or any other disaster that might level your building.

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Brianna Howerter